Justice recognized Tuesday a “fault” of the state in its policy to fight against air pollution, after the recourse of a mother and daughter who lived near the Paris ring road and suffered from respiratory problems, said the administrative court of Montreuil.
“The State has committed a fault because of the inadequacy of measures taken in terms of air quality to remedy the overrun, between 2012 and 2016, in the Ile-de-France region, concentration limit values ​​of certain polluting gases, “the court said in a statement sent to AFP.
“For the victims of the pollution, it is a first”, welcomed with the AFP the lawyer of the two women, François Lafforgue. “From now on, the State will have to take effective measures in the fight against pollution and the victims can hope to obtain the recognition of their prejudice,” he added.
Supported by associations, Farida, 52, and her daughter had assigned the state for “faulty failure”. At the time, they lived in Saint-Ouen (Seine-Saint-Denis), near the ring road. They suffered from respiratory problems, repeated bronchitis, asthma attacks, “accentuated” during peaks. Since then, they have moved to Orleans and their health has improved.
In their view, the authorities had not taken “effective” measures to reduce air pollution, especially during the severe peak pollution in December 2016. They claimed 160,000 euros in damages.
In its judgment, the court “notes that the concentration thresholds of certain polluting gases were repeatedly exceeded between 2012 and 2016 in the Ile-de-France region,” the statement said. “It concludes that the plan relating to air quality for the Ile-de-France (…) and its conditions of implementation, are insufficient in terms of obligations” in particular set by European directives and transposed in the code of the environment.
On the other hand, the court considers that the prefect of police did not commit fault in the management of the episode of pollution of the end of year 2016, contrary to what the two women asked for.
He also rejected their claim for compensation, finding that the causal link between their respiratory diseases and the insufficiency of the measures taken by the State was not “directly” established in view of the elements produced in their application.
Iran will emerge “resolutely”, “from July 7”, two more of its commitments made in the framework of the international agreement on its nuclear program of 2015, reported Tuesday the agency Fars citing a senior Iranian official.
In a context of increasing tension, Tehran announced on May 8 that it was no longer feeling bound by the limits that this agreement reached in Vienna in 2015 with six international powers imposed on its reserves of heavy water and enriched uranium.
This announcement, presented as a response to Washington’s one-year-old decision to unilaterally exit the agreement and reimpose sanctions against the Islamic Republic, was accompanied by an ultimatum.
Tehran had indeed given “60 days” to the other states parties to the Vienna Pact (Germany, China, France, Great Britain and Russia) to help it bypass these sanctions that paralyze its economy, especially its financial system, and its oil exports.
Otherwise, Tehran had threatened to end the restrictions on “the degree of enrichment of uranium” (limited to 3.67% by the Vienna Agreement) and to resume a project to build a reactor heavy water at Arak, put to sleep with the agreement.
On Tuesday, the Fars agency said it received an “exclusive note” from Admiral Ali Shamkhani, secretary-general of the Supreme Council for National Security (CSSN) in which he said he was tired of the “insolence” of European countries. According to him, they exercise “increased pressure” to force Iran “to continue fulfilling” its commitments “without the other parties” filling theirs.
As a result, says this note, “based on the decision of the National Security Council” announced on May 8, “the second stage of Iran’s commitment reduction plan (…) will begin resolutely from July 7” .
In this way, “countries that have taken the” patience + “of the Islamic Republic for weakness and lethargy, will realize that Iran’s response to the aggression of the US drone (shot on June 20) will not be different from that “which will be opposed to their” sly political efforts to restrict the inalienable rights of the Iranian people, “Fars adds quoting the note.
Chelsea have been given permission to speak to Derby boss Frank Lampard about their vacant manager’s job.
Lampard, 41, spent 13 years as a Chelsea player and would replace Maurizio Sarri, who has joined Juventus after one season at Stamford Bridge.
The Blues would have to pay the Rams about £4m if they appoint Lampard.
“With pre-season fast approaching for both clubs it is hoped this will allow Chelsea to swiftly conclude their discussions,” a Derby statement read.
“The club will make no further comment until it is appropriate to do so.”
Lampard embarked on his first campaign as a manager last season, leading the Rams to the Championship play-off final where they lost to Aston Villa.
The former England midfielder made 648 Chelsea appearances, winning 11 major trophies.
If he does take over, he will inherit a transfer embargo after Chelsea were given a two-window transfer ban by world governing body Fifa – a decision the club are appealing against at the Court of Arbitration for Sport.
The view from Derby
The worst kept secret in football is finally getting the conclusion many Derby County fans have feared for a long time. Such has been the clamour around Frank Lampard’s return to Chelsea, and the time it’s all taken, Rams fans will be pleased the circus is packing up and moving on.
That’s not to say they won’t be sad. It was an incredible season with some amazing memories. No-one at Elland Road will ever forget Derby’s second-half performance which earned them a place in the Championship play-off final.
And then there was the bounce. Whether by accident or design, Lampard endeared himself to the Derby faithful with his bouncing. It became tradition after every significant victory. The fans loved him for it.
This whirlwind relationship is coming to an end, but when the dust settles, Derby fans will remember a man who revitalised the club and ultimately moved on to the job of his dreams.
Lampard’s record at Derby
Competition
Games
Won
Drawn
Lost
Goals for
Goals against
Win %
Championship (inc. play-offs)
49
21
14
14
74
59
42.9%
League Cup
4
2
1
1
10
5
50%
FA Cup
4
1
2
1
6
6
25%
Total
57
24
17
16
90
70
42.1%
‘Super Frank’s’ Stamford Bridge connection
Lampard joined Chelsea from boyhood club West Ham for a fee of £11m in 2001.
He won a Champions League and a Europa League at the club, while also helping them to win three Premier League titles, four FA Cups and two League Cups.
Chelsea’s title win in 2004-05 was their first in half a century and Lampard scored 13 league goals that season, including both in a 2-0 victory at Bolton that sealed the top-flight crown.
He scored 10 or more Premier League goals in 10 successive seasons for Chelsea and is the club’s all-time record goalscorer with 211.
Lampard left Stamford Bridge in June 2014 and had a stint at Manchester City, where he scored six goals in 32 appearances.
He then joined New York City in Major League Soccer in the US, making his debut in August 2015, before ending his 21-year professional playing career in 2017.
Lampard won 106 England caps after making his international debut in 1999 and went on to score 29 goals for the Three Lions.
He appeared in three World Cups and one European Championships.
Analysis
Phil McNulty, BBC Sport chief football writer
Should a deal be reached between Chelsea and Frank Lampard it would arguably be the biggest gamble Blues owner Roman Abramovich has made since he took over at Stamford Bridge 16 years and 11 managers ago.
Abramovich’s modus operandi when it comes to managerial appointments has been based on experience, quality and success – Avram Grant apart – with not an English manager to be seen, let alone a young and relatively unproven one.
Chelsea have had five Italian managers, two Portuguese, a Brazilian, an Israeli, a Dutchman and a Spaniard in Abramovich’s reign, so the notion of Lampard stepping through the door at the club’s Cobham training base is a radical departure on many levels.
And make no mistake, it would not only be a huge gamble for Abramovich, it would be exactly the same for Lampard. This would be high risk for all parties.
Bawku West district, Ghana – Salimata Kali is still looking for her husband, six months after she was forced to flee Zoaga, a small town in southernBurkina Faso near the border with Ghana.
She fled because of communal violence.
The Burkinabe army had been providing security after an initial flare-up, she says, but tensions had erupted over chieftaincy issues, with rival groups laying claim to the local regency, and the bloodshed looked like it was set to return. That’s when she decided to run away with her children.
“When the conflict happened, my husband ran away and until now, I don’t know where he is,” Kali told Al Jazeera through an interpreter.
She is among hundreds who have fled to Bawku West in northeastern Ghana this year amid rising violence.
Kali is keeping up hope but others fear the worst.
The violence left a trail of destruction, according to the asylum seekers, as houses were burned and livestock and grain were stolen.
“I lost a lot. Donkeys, cattle, foodstuff, uncountable … My son was also killed and, because of the violence, I could not bury him in the village. I heard I was next to be killed so to save my life, I had to run here,” said Ouari Botzabit, an elderly man.
While locals and asylum seekers estimate the number of arrivals in Bawku West at around 700, the Ghana Refugee Board told Al Jazeera it has been able to account for just under 300.
If you have two rooms, you offer them one. But because of the huge numbers, some of them have to sleep outside at night.
JOHN AKUGRE ANYAGRE, LOCAL ASSEMBLYMAN
But in recent weeks, a different group of Burkinabes have arrived in northwest Ghana – more than 1,000 people, according to the refugee board.
The latest arrivals have also reported violence at home but unlike the group in Bawku West, they are yet to be granted asylum-seeker status as security checks are carried out.
In total, Ghana hosts about 13,500 refugees and asylum seekers, the refugee board says.
In Bawku West, Kali’s group has found safety under the watchful eyes of military personnel from Ghana’s armed forces. But life is hard. The local areas where they have settled are struggling to cope with the influx.
“If you have two rooms, you offer them one. But because of the huge numbers, some of them have to sleep outside at night,” says John Akugre Anyagre, an assemblyman for the area.
Sleeping outside exposes refugees to diseases such as malaria and as the rainy season begins, experts fear for their safety. Without documents and money, the new arrivals cannot access Ghana’s national health system, which would cover treatment and medicine.
The government of Ghana, local chiefs and the UN refugee agency have been able to provide irregular food aid but more permanent shelter is yet to arrive.
“The two key things now are shelter and food and we are going to provide assistance in that direction,” said Tetteh Padi, programme coordinator for the Ghana Refugee Board.
Rising insecurity
Asylum seekers’ testimonies fit into a wider pattern of insecurity in Burkina Faso.
On Saturday, gunmen attacked villages in northern Burkina Faso, killing 15 according to Cheriff Sy, defence minister, who blamed “armed terrorists”, according to the AFP news agency.
In April, more than 60 people died in intercommunity clashes in the north of the country.
The Burkinabe government says armed groups are exploiting existing community tensions as part of an expansionist move
Since April, there have been at least four reported attacks on churches in the country, killing 18 worshippers and two priests. No group has claimed responsibility for these attacks.
In May, four hostages were rescued by French troops that are now operating across the Sahel region.
More than 400 people have been killed in attacks since 2015 – according to a tally by the AFP news agency, which reports that at least 1,000 people have found refuge inOuagadougou, the capital.
Ghana hosts about 13,500 refugees and asylum seekers
Western governments have warned their citizens against visiting the country’s north, with the UK’s foreign office advising “against all but essential travel to the rest of Burkina Faso, including the capital Ouagadougou”.
Insecurity is stirring unease in neighbouring countries, and concerns deepened earlier this month when a Burkinabe man, allegedly armed, was arrested in a Ghanaian church near the border.
Local media in Ghana reported the arrest of another Burkinabe man, also believed to have been armed, days later in a border town.
And earlier, in May, Ghana’s port and harbour authority confirmed that two Ghanaian truck drivers transporting goods were shot near the Mali-Burkina Faso border.
Prior to these incidents, security agencies had met with leaders of the Christian community to discuss how to protect places of worship.
Free movement is among the key principles of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), West Africa’s regional bloc.
In a statement to Al Jazeera, David Eklu, Ghana’s police spokesperson, said: “There are combined efforts with sister security agencies to prevent any terrorist activities in Ghana with the police in the lead.
“The goal is to deter, detect and disrupt any terrorist activities within Ghana and around our borders. We are also raising public awareness on personal security to make Ghana an unattractive destination for such activities.”
For now, long-standing ethnic ties have seen the asylum seekers warmly welcomed in Ghana’s north.
Ouari Botzabit, an asylum seeker in Ghana, lost his son in violence back in Burkina Faso and was unable to bury him in their home village
German energy giant RWE said Sunday it will be seeking prosecutions after hundreds of climate activists occupied their open-cast mine at the weekend to protest against the use of coal.
Following a cat-and-mouse game with police on Saturday, around a thousand activists invaded the vast Garzweiler lignite mine, some 43 kms (21 miles) west of Cologne.
Police say it took until Sunday morning to completely clear the area of protesters, who RWE accuse of trespassing and arson.
Around eight officers were injured during the protests, according to police, but no figures were given on how many protesters were taken into custody.
The action was part of a series of protests as Garzweiler, which covers 48 square kilometres (18 square miles), supplies lignite, or brown coal, to power stations in the region.
“The group has no sympathy for the 1,300 ‘activists’ who illegally entered the Garzweiler opencast mine and occupied the tracks on the coal supply lines,” said RWE in a statement.
“In addition, there were several arson attacks on a pump station, switch cabinets and vehicles.”
– ‘Ende Gelaende’ –
The “Ende Gelaende” (EG) protesters want to shut down RWE’s operations and end Germany’s use of climate-damaging coal-fired power stations long before the government’s cut-off target of 2038.
The ‘Ende Gelaende’ protesters want to shut down RWE’s operations and end Germany’s use of climate-damaging coal-fired power stations
The German phrase “Ende Gelaende” means that something is irrevocably finished — similar to “end of story” — which is how the protesters feel about the fossil fuel age.
Many of those who took part in the occupation were school pupils and students who were part of the “Fridays for Future” demonstrations the day before.
Between 20,000 and 40,000 young activists from 17 countries flocked to Aachen near the Dutch and Belgian borders Friday for a huge show of force of the school-strike movement launched by Swedish teenage activist Greta Thunberg.
According to EG organisers, about 8000 people also took part in a rally in the small town of Keyenberg, near the Garzweiler mine, on Saturday.
Hundreds of climate protestors then entered the vast mine, bringing excavation to a standstill.
RWE say that having given “many warnings” about trespassing, they will be taking action “against all criminal offences in connection with any occupations and blockades that have taken place”.
On Friday, 500 activists managed to cut off the supply of coal to the nearby Neurath plant, one of Germany’s main coal-fired power stations, by sitting down on the rail tracks the supply trains use.
– ‘Enormous disruption’ –
Police said the tracks between the Neurath and Niederaussem power plants were still blocked on Sunday morning.
RWE said that despite “enormous disruption”, the “operation of the power plants and electricity generation were never at risk”.
However, “the company has suffered an economic loss, which is currently being determined”.
RWE insists it is “fully committed to climate protection targets” and says that between 2012 and 2018, the company reduced CO2 emissions by “60 million tonnes or 34 percent”.
“There is a plan on the table for phasing-out coal and there is no reason to endanger people and carry out illegal actions,” says Frank Weigand, CEO of RWE Power.
“We naturally respect the right to freedom of expression and peaceful protests such as ‘Fridays for Future’.
“But it is not acceptable to deliberately break the law under the guise of climate protection.
“Blocking tracks and entering opencast mines is dangerous and against the law.”
With “Toy Story 4,” Pixar has again struck box-office gold, as the family-oriented sequel about Sheriff Woody, Buzz Lightyear and friends booked an estimated $118 million in weekend ticket sales in North America, industry watcher Exhibitor Relations reported Sunday.
The film, which has Woody and Buzz embarking on a road trip with a fretful spork named Forky, was actually expected to do even better. But amid “glowing reviews,” Variety predicts it will run in theaters “long throughout the summer.”
This fourth “Toy Story” again features the unmistakable voice of Tom Hanks as Woody, the ever-eager but empty-holstered cowboy doll, Tim Allen as the impulsive Buzz (“To infinity, and beyond!”), along with Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele, Keanu Reeves and Joan Cusack. Music is by Randy Newman.
Far back in second place — very far back — was another new film, horror story “Child’s Play” from United Artists, at $14.1 million for the three-day weekend.
A remake of the 1988 movie about a disturbingly creepy doll named Chucky, the movie stars Mark Hamill and Aubrey Plaza. Offsetting its relatively low weekend take was its equally low production cost of $10 million.
Third place went to Disney’s “Aladdin,” at $12.2 million. The live-action movie, still drawing well in its fifth week out, stars Will Smith, Mena Massoud and Naomi Scott.
In fourth was Sony’s “Men in Black: International” at $10.8 million, down 64 percent from last weekend’s opening.
The spinoff of three earlier “Men in Black” installments has Chris Hemsworth and Tessa Thompson as the world-saving alien fighters — roles previously personified by Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones.
Fifth spot went to Universal’s animated “The Secret Life of Pets 2,” at $10.3 million. This sequel features the voices of Kevin Hart, Tiffany Haddish and Patton Oswalt in another tale of the messes animals can get into when their owners are away.
Chile coach Reinaldo Rueda faces a Copa America dilemma on Monday: either rest star forward Alexis Sanchez, or go all-out for top spot in Group C.
Sanchez aggravated an old ankle injury in Friday’s 2-1 win over Ecuador that secured the reigning champions’ place in the quarter-finals.
If they avoid defeat against Uruguay at Rio de Janeiro’s Maracana stadium on Monday, they will win the group and play Peru in the last eight.
But a defeat would send them to a quarter-final against Colombia, who won a Group B containing Argentina with a 100 percent record.
“This is the theme to consider, as well as how he reacts today after training,” said Colombian Rueda.
“From what I’ve sensed, everyone wants to play tomorrow and everyone is very committed.”
Sanchez has started to rediscover his best form in Brazil following a dreadful club season with Manchester United.
He’s scored two goals in two Group C games — more than he managed in 20 Premier League matches for United this season.
“We can only decide (if he plays) after evening training, whether he can run, whether he can handle the workload,” added Rueda, who said that Sanchez would either start or not be involved at all.
Chile’s other main star — Barcelona midfielder Arturo Vidal — is also a doubt.
“Artur’s case also depends on how his muscle reacts to the recovery period,” said Rueda.
Monday’s clash promises to be a fiery affair as Chile and Uruguay have recent history.
In 2015, when Chile won the Copa America for the first time, they knocked out Uruguay in a controversial quarter-final.
Uruguay’s Edinson Cavani was sent off after picking up a second booing for flicking his hand into the face of Gonzalo Jara, in retaliation for the Chile defender trying to shove a finger up his backside.
Jara, who is unlikely to start the game, was also punched by Luis Suarez during a match in 2013 after touching the firebrand Uruguay forward’s testicles.
Rueda is more concerned about the threat posed by Uruguay’s talented strike pair than any potential trouble.
“Their great virtue is that they’re great finishers, they penetrate really well, they’ve scored an amazing number of international goals,” said Rueda.
Suarez with 58 and Cavani with 47 are the top two scorers in Uruguay’s history.
Former world number one Andy Murray says he could resurrect his singles career at this year’s US Open following a remarkable return to tennis with victory in the men’s doubles at the Queen’s Club tournament on Sunday.
The 32-year-old Scotsman teamed up with Spanish partner Feliciano Lopez to take a 7-6 (8/6), 5-7, 10-5 win over Britain’s Joe Salisbury and Rajeev Ram of the United States.
The three-time Grand Slam champion’s triumph comes after what he described as “life-changing” hip surgery earlier this year.
Murray said that while he had not made up his mind about a return to singles, the US Open would be the tournament where it could happen.
If so, it would be a remarkable turnaround for a man who was tearfully pondering retirement in January and has seen his singles ranking tumble to 215 in the world.
“I mean, potentially, yeah,” he said when pressed as to whether the US Open — where he won his first Grand Slam title in 2012 — could be the place to resume his singles career.
“But I don’t care, really, either way. Like, it would be nice to play at the US Open, but if I don’t — look, I got so much enjoyment and happiness after winning a first round doubles match here that, you know, that’s enough.
“I don’t have to be getting to the US Open this year and be really competitive and have to win the tournament for me to enjoy it.”
Murray, also a two-time Olympic singles champion, said he had to be mindful about his hip, although he came through the week at Queen’s pain free.
“It’s not just to get back on the court playing singles,” he said.
“It’s to protect my hip for the longer term to make sure that my muscles are in the correct balance so that I’m not impacting the hip in the same spot all of the time.
“I need to improve the range of motion in my hip as well so that when I’m changing direction that there is a bit more freedom for it to move around.
Murray — watched by his wife Kim and mother Judy on Sunday — may be regretting deciding not to play with the 37-year-old Lopez at Wimbledon.
The Spaniard produced a Herculean effort, winning the singles title in three sets earlier in the day against Gilles Simon of France before playing sublimely in the doubles.
– ‘It’s mental really’ –
Murray praised Lopez for his extraordinary feat of endurance which saw him out on court for over 15 hours during the week — and added the title meant more than some of the singles titles he has won.
“This is very different for me, and it’s more special than a lot of the singles tournaments that I have won for a lot of different reasons,” he said.
“I just won the doubles here with Feli (Lopez), you know, with a metal hip. It’s mental, really.
“That’s a cool thing to be able to have done, and yeah, just because of probably where I was a few months ago.
“At times, even as far as just two months ago, I just wasn’t thinking about this.”
Murray will now move on to Eastbourne before playing at Wimbledon where he will be partnered by Frenchman Pierre-Hugues Herbert.
Lopez paid a handsome tribute to Murray and said if he continued on this trajectory he should be back playing singles.
“This happens only once in a lifetime to win here at singles and doubles,” said Lopez reflecting on his own extraordinary week.
“I hope that he’s (Murray) gonna be playing singles soon. But I’m sure that if he keeps progressing the way he’s doing right now, we’re gonna see him playing singles again.”
Iran on Monday played down the threat of new US sanctions as Washington was expected to tighten punitive measures on Tehran in a standoff sparked by the US withdrawal from a nuclear deal.
Tensions have flared after Iranian forces shot down a US drone Thursday, the latest in a series of incidents including attacks on tankers in sensitive Gulf waters that have raised fears of an unintended slide towards conflict.
Both the US and Iran have repeatedly said they want to avoid going to war, but the spiralling tensions saw US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo travel Monday to meet with Saudi leaders to build a “global coalition” against the Islamic republic.
Tehran says the drone violated Iranian airspace and Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has backed the claim with maps and coordinates — allegations dismissed by Washington.
US President Donald Trump claimed he called off a planned retaliatory military strike on Iran at the last minute, tweeting that Washington would instead place “major additional sanctions on Iran on Monday”.
“Are there really any sanctions left that the United States has not imposed on our country recently or in the past 40 years?” Iran’s foreign ministry spokesman Abbas Mousavi said at a Monday press conference in Tehran.
“We really do not know what (the new sanctions) are and what they want to target anymore, and also do not consider them to have any impact,” he added.
Last year, Trump unilaterally pulled the US out of a landmark 2015 deal meant to curb Iran’s nuclear programme in exchange for sanctions relief.
The US has since imposed a robust slate of punitive sanctions on Tehran designed to choke off Iranian oil sales and cripple its economy — which he now plans to expand.
Trump, who has waged a “maximum pressure” campaign against Iran, has also said the US is prepared to negotiate with the Islamic republic with “no preconditions”.
“America’s claim of readiness for unconditional negotiation is not acceptable with the continuation of threats and sanctions,” Hesamodin Ashna, an advisor to Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani, said Monday on Twitter.
“We consider war and sanctions to be two sides of the same coin,” he added.
– ‘Global coalition’ –
Mike Pompeo
Pompeo met Saudi King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in the Red Sea city of Jeddah and was later due to hold talks in the United Arab Emirates, US officials said.
Saudi and Emirati leaders both advocate a tough US approach against common foe Iran.
Pompeo described Saudi Arabia and the UAE as “two great allies in the challenge that Iran presents”.
“We’ll be talking with them about how to make sure that we are all strategically aligned and how we can build out a global coalition,” Pompeo said.
He said the US sought a coalition “not only throughout the Gulf states but in Asia and in Europe that understands this challenge and that is prepared to push back against the world’s largest state sponsor of terror”.
But on Monday Russia, one of the world powers that negotiated the nuclear deal with Iran, denounced the planned new sanctions as “illegal”.
– Cyber attack –
US media reports said Trump ordered a retaliatory cyber attack against Iranian missile control systems and a spy network after the drone was shot down.
On Monday Iranian Telecommunications Minister Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi said no cyber attack against his country had ever succeeded.
Map showing Tehran’s and Washington’s differing locations of a US drone when it was downed by Iran
“The media are asking about the veracity of the alleged cyber attack against Iran. No successful attack has been carried out by them, although they are making a lot of effort,” he said on Twitter.
He acknowledged that Iran has “been facing cyber terrorism — such as Stuxnet — and unilateralism — such as sanctions”, naming a virus believed to have been engineered by Israel and the US to damage nuclear facilities in Iran.
With the US out of the deal, Iran has said it would reduce some of its nuclear commitments unless the remaining partners — Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia — help it circumvent US sanctions and sell its oil.
Thierry Coville, an Iran expert at the French Institute of International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS), also questioned whether there was room for further US action as previous sanctions have already severely hit Iranian crude exports.
“The Americans are asphyxiating Iran economically in order to force them to hold talks with them,” Coville said.
“What more can be done? They will no doubt tighten secondary sanctions… and most probably extend a list of Iranian firms banned from trade.”
